Microcontroller • 1. 8051 INTERFACING WITH EXTERNAL MEMORYPRESENTED BY-PRIYA SRIVASTAVA PRESENTED BY:-090105801E.I, III Yr. SRIVASTAVA PRIYA 090105801 E.I, III yr. • S E MI C O N D U C T O R ME MO R Y In the design of all microprocessor-based systems, semiconductor memories are used as primary storage for code & data. Semiconductor memories are connected directly to the CPU first asks for information. For this reason, semiconductors memories are sometimes referred to as primary memory. The most widely used are ROM & RAM. • ME MO R Y C A P A C I T Y The no. Of bits that a semiconductor memory chip can store is called chip capacity. It can be in units of Kbits, Mbits, and so on. While the memory capacity of a memory IC chip is always given in bits, the memory capacity of a computer system is given in bytes. • ME MO R YORGANI S ATI ON A memory chip contains 2 to the power n, locations, where n is the no. Of address pins. Each location contains m bits, where m is the no. Of data pins on the chip. The entire chip will contain 2 to the power n * m bits. 8051 MICROCONTROLLER: 8-bit microcontroller. In this address in the DPTR may be internal or external memory address. MOV A,30H This takes 2 instruction cycles ie, 24 clock cycles. MOV A,@ RO This instruction takes only 1 instruction cycle ie, 12 clock cycles. External Memory Access: 40 Pin DIP Package of 8051. How to latch. 8051 Pin and Instruction Compatible. – Four 8-bit I/O. It contains a 16K or 32K byte Flash memory block for program and data. During fetches from external program memory and during accesses to external data memory that use. • SPEED One of the most important characteristics of a memory chip is the speed at which its data can be accessed. To access the data, the address is presented to the address pins, the READ pin is activated, and after a certain amount of time elapsed, the data shows up at the data pins. The shorter this elapsed time, the better, and consequently, the more expensive the memory chip. The speed of the memory chip is commonly referred to as its access time. • M e mo r y ma p p e d I O 8051 Memory and ports assigned the addresses such each have distinct range of addresses in the data memory address space. Interfacing circuit design identical to that for the memory connects the external ports and programmable peripheral interface (PPI). • H a r v a r d M e mo r yAr c h i t e c t u r e Two sets of memory─ program memory and data memory. Two control signals─ PSEN and RD to control read from program memory or data memory. Control signal ALE to control use of AD0- AD7 as address or data at a given instance • R O M (R E A D O N L Y M E M O R Y ) ROM is a type of memory that does not lose its contents when the power is turned off; thats why it is also called as nonvolatile memory. There are different types of ROM, such as PROM, EPROM, EEPROM, Flash EPROM, and mask ROM. • EXT ERNAL RAM External RAM is any random access memory which is found off-chip. Since the memory is off-chip it is not as flexible in terms of accessing, and is also slower. For example, to increment an Internal RAM location by 1 requires only 1 instruction and 1 instruction cycle. To increment a 1-byte value stored in External RAM requires 4 instructions and 7 instruction cycles. Dvdfab passkey registration code. In this case, external memory is 7 times slower! What External RAM loses in speed and flexibility it gains in quantity. While Internal RAM is limited to • E X T E R N A L M E M O R Y WH E NCONT ROL S I GNAL E AI NACT I VE Then processor always accesses the external memory whether EA active or not. Internal RAM and SFR addresses between 0x00 and 0xFF are same as external data memory addresses 0x0000 and 0xFFFF. Internal program memory addresses between 0x0000 to 0xFFF (in case of 4 kB internal ROM) are same as external program memory addresses 0x0000 and 0xFFFF. • CONT ROL S I GNAL E A When a control signal EA activate ─ processor always accesses the external addresses in memory instead of internal memory or register addresses. To indicate the program code is stored in external ROM, this pin must be connected to GND. This is the case for the 8051-based system. 8051 INTERFACING TO EXTERNAL MEMORY (Size: 1.11 MB / Downloads: 60) Memory Address Decoding The processor can usually address a memory space that is much larger than the memory space covered by an individual memory chip. In order to splice a memory device into the address space of the processor, decoding is necessary. For example, the 8088 issues 20‐bit addresses for a total of 1MB of memory address space. However, the BIOS on a 2716 EPROM has only 2KB of memory and 11 address pins. A decoder can be used to decode the additional 9 address pins and allow the EPROM to be placed in any 2KB section of the 1MB address space Basic types of address decoding Exhaustive — 1:1 mapping of unique addresses to one hardware register (physical memory location) 2. Partial — n:1 mapping of n unique addresses to one hardware register.
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